A Complete Guide to CNC Router Bits: Types, Uses, and How to Choose the Right One

CNC router bits are the essential cutting tools that power CNC routers—they define the precision, speed, and finish of every cutting, carving, or engraving project. Whether you’re working with wood, plastic, metal, or composite materials, selecting the right CNC router bit is critical for achieving professional results.

In this guide, we’ll break down the most common CNC router bit types, their ideal applications, and expert tips for choosing the best option (including top picks like Hongyang CNC router bits) for your needs.

What Are CNC Router Bits?

CNC router bits (often called end mills, though "router bits" typically refers to tools for wood and plastic) are rotating cutting tools designed for CNC routers. They attach to the router’s spindle, spinning at high speeds to remove material, shape workpieces, or add detailed engravings.

Most CNC router bits are made from carbide (durable for hard materials like metal), high-speed steel (HSS) (affordable for soft materials like plywood), or coated carbide (e.g., TiN, TiCN coatings for heat resistance and longer life). Brands like Hongyang offer coated CNC router bits (seen in the image) that balance durability and performance.

Common CNC Router Bit Types & Their Uses

Different CNC router bits are engineered for specific tasks. Here are the most popular types:

Square End Mills (Flat CNC Router Bits)

Shape: Flat, square cutting edge.
Best for: Straight slots, pockets, or edge cuts in wood, plastic, or aluminum. The go-to general-purpose CNC router bit for roughing and finishing.

Ball Nose CNC Router Bits

Shape: Rounded, ball-like cutting edge.
Best for: 3D carving, contouring, or smooth curves (e.g., decorative woodwork, mold making). Avoid for sharp corners.

V-Carve CNC Router Bits

Shape: Angled cutting edge (60°, 90°, etc.).
Best for: Engraving text, logos, or intricate designs in wood, acrylic, or soft metals. The angle dictates engraving depth.

Spiral CNC Router Bits (Upcut/Downcut)

Upcut: Pulls chips upward (reduces clogging in deep cuts).
Downcut: Pushes chips downward (prevents top-surface splintering).
Shape: Twisted spiral flutes.
Best for: Clean cuts in wood, MDF, or plastic. Use upcut for deep slots; downcut for finish work.

Roughing CNC Router Bits

Shape: Serrated, jagged flutes.
Best for: Fast material removal (roughing) in metal or hard plastic—prioritizes speed over finish quality.

Dovetail CNC Router Bits

Shape: Tapered, angled edges.
Best for: Cutting dovetail joints (common in woodworking for drawers/cabinets).

How to Choose the Right CNC Router Bit

Follow these steps to select the perfect CNC router bit:

Match to material: Use carbide CNC router bits for metal/hard plastic; HSS for soft wood.
Align with cut type: Square bits for straight cuts, ball nose for curves, V-bits for engraving.
Check shank size: Ensure the bit’s shank (spindle-fit part) matches your router’s collet (e.g., 1/4", 6mm).
Opt for coatings: Coated bits (like Hongyang’s colorful options) resist heat and last longer.

CNC Router Bit Care Tips

To extend your bits’ life:

Use proper spindle speeds (slower for hard materials, faster for soft ones).
Clear chips regularly to prevent overheating.
Store CNC router bits in a dry, protected case (avoid scratches).

From hobbyist projects to industrial production, the right CNC router bit transforms your CNC machine’s performance. Brands like Hongyang offer a diverse range of CNC router bits (as shown) to handle every cutting, carving, or engraving task.

Previous article：CNC Angle Head: Boost Machining Flexibility & Precision for Complex Parts Next article：RichAuto A11 DSP CNC Controller: The Ultimate Offline Control Handle for Engraving & Cutting Machines

CNC Router Bits: Types, Uses & How to Choose the Best Ones

A Complete Guide to CNC Router Bits: Types, Uses, and How to Choose the Right One

What Are CNC Router Bits?

Common CNC Router Bit Types & Their Uses

How to Choose the Right CNC Router Bit

CNC Router Bit Care Tips

Fast Track

Cookie Preferences